Thursday, 31 January 2013

Back to Basics Baby Step Monday Mission no. 2: Using Meal Planning to Incorporate Nutrient Dense Foods

This is a {guest post} series from Tiffany of Don’t Waste the Crumbs. Find the rest of the series right here.

This month marks my one year anniversary with meal planning. It was a goal I originally made for January of 2012. Nope, that’s not a typo. The goal was for January, not the whole year. Since I was new to the idea of not waiting until the last minute before deciding what the family was going to eat for dinner, figuring out what we were going to eat for the next two days was daunting enough. Keep it up for a whole year?! Ain’t gonna happen.

But then the fruits of my labor started rolling in. The husband would ask “What’s for dinner?” and I could boldly quip an answer without hesitation. Dinner prep started as soon as breakfast was done and suddenly 4pm wasn’t so dreadful anymore. New recipes were strewn throughout the month and I began to look forward to making dinner again!

Was meal planning a dream come true? Did it really solve all my dinner woes?

No, but it certainly did help! Winking smile

This post is sponsored by Plan to Eat.

black-eyed pea soup (3) smaller

I firmly believe that without meal planning, a person could easily temporarily lose their sanity. It’s serious pressure to come up with a healthy, palate-pleasing dinner (using only ingredients you have on hand, might I add) on the spot every night. It’s like a twisted version of the Food Network show “Chopped,” only the torture repeats itself every night. On top of that, there’s dealing with the inevitable “Aw, but MOM! I don’t like peas!” when you answer their “What’s for dinner?” question.

Having a plan in place ahead of time relieves some of the pressure. It also gives you a few days to come up with a fun comeback to their “Aw Moms!” We’ve devised two staple answers at our house, one for each of our kids. So far they’ve worked pretty well, so I’ll share for your enjoyment. Maybe it’ll help ease your pea woes too!

Girl (3 yrs old): Are you sure you don’t like (insert problem food here)? They’re really good for your hair. They help make it grow really long and shiny!

Boy (5 yrs old): Are you sure you don’t like (insert problem food here)? They help your muscles grow strong so you can ride your scooter really fast!

Meal planning was so successful last January that I kept it up for another month… and then two, then three… and after a few months of planning, I wondered how I could ever live without the concept.

Your mission, should you choose to accept, is to renew your commitment to meal planning.

But don’t just plan to plan. There’s a greater purpose behind this mission. Let me explain.

The undertaking of Katie’s baby steps began six months after the initial meal planning challenge and let me tell you, seeing this step was such a relief! Educating myself on trans fat was tough and confusing. Already feeling like a pro at meal planning, I was ready to check that box and call it done! My bruised ego needed a boosting!

But of course, if it was meant to be THAT easy it wouldn’t be listed in those steps to begin with, right? So I did some digging around the KS archives and found some useful information.

Those are all really good posts by the way. Great information for all the meal planners out there. Let me offer one little tid bit of advice though:

Scroll down.

You see, I began reading this post proudly, thinking “Oh yeah, I’ve got this down. No last minute trips to the store, no stress before dinner, cooking nearly never meal at home… I’m golden!”

And then the bullets turned to paragraphs and I did what many of us have done at one time or another, I stopped reading. My “all that and a bag of chips” self moved on to another topic.

If I had kept reading, I would have seen that there was a two week meal plan listed, complete with preparation tips and even links to tried-and-true recipes. But here’s the kicker: that plan was JAM-PACKED with nutrition. Could I say the same about my own meal plans?

Nope. All this time I had been planning for the sake of simply having a plan. Never once did I think that meal planning could actually improve the nutrition of my family.

So that’s where my personal baby step lies – to plan meals that are packed with as much nutrition as I can possibly get into seven days, or two weeks, or one month… however long it is that I plan. Whether you’re a meal planning novice or self-proclaimed expert, this should be your goal too.

First you need a plan. It can be a plan you created or it can be a hodge podge from a few different sources. There’s no shame in “borrowing” someone else’s meal plans either, so feel free to use my own monthly meal plans or weekly meal plans if you need to.

If you plan online, Plan to Eat‘s system can save your own meal plans that you can easily reuse from week to week and month to month.

Any plan will do for now because it’s the next step that’s important.

Review the plan and upgrade the nutrition where ever possible. Seeing the entire line-up of meals at one time is like the blimp flying over football games – it can see everything at the same time.

Here’s where you see the nights that become “grab what’s quick and easy” because of a soccer game. Family pizza night begins to stand out when you realize you haven’t been eating those starter salads after all. And those bring-a-dish meals with friends and family where everyone is afraid to bring a vegetable? Yep, those are red flags too.

Seeing all this on paper makes us suddenly aware of how often (or not often) we really eat good food. And it’s ok to not eat perfectly 100% of the time. But it is important that we eat well whenever possible.

Instead of haphazardly reaching for whatever is convenient when you’re already five minutes late for ballet, plan for it. Try a pasta salad filled with white beans and fresh vegetables; a leafy spinach salad with fresh fruits, nuts a sprinkle of cheese and a yogurt-based dressing; or even tuna salad with homemade crackers. Whatever you decide, make it ahead of time and have it waiting for you in the fridge.

For the meals planned at home, evaluate every single one and really make sure you’ve packed in the nutrition. Have colored vegetables outnumber the grains and starches in each meal. Add beans to main meats or even as a side dish. Make vegetable soup with bone broth. View these nights as opportunities to make up for lost nutrition on the other, not-so-good days.

sprouted lentils

We want to eat purposefully, squeezing as many nutrients into our meals as often as we can. Many times this requires advance preparation and seeing the whole meal plan for the entire week allows us to see what’s coming and plan accordingly.

Want soup this week but don’t have broth? Start two days out to really get the most nutrients those bones offer.Need beans for tacos? They don’t soak themselves! Start those the day before to make them easier to digest, or a few days before to sprout. I have a “soak beans” note on my Plan to Eat recipe list that I can drag to the appropriate day on the calendar. Desiring some greens with your meals, despite being out of season and expensive? Serve those organic veggies with your meals for the week so your hard earned money doesn’t get soggy and slimy in the fridge. You can search the KS group at Plan to Eat for “spinach” recipes to help ensure the greens get used up, too.

Our bird’s eye view allows us to evaluate the entire week as a whole. How many nights are we eating pasta? Can we try a different grain to boost nutrition? How about planning a leftover night so that we’re not wasting all that good food?

King Arhur's whole wheat sandwich bread (3) (475x356)

Often times our carts are filled with convenience foods when we don’t even realize it. Canned beans, yogurt and broth are three big ones (good thing we’re covering those in this series too!). On top of these, my family considers bread a convenience food too. After a side by side comparison of store-bought bread and the equivalent homemade version, I’m determined to bake my own bread whenever possible.

Sandwich breads, artisan loaves, specialty breads like jalapeƱo cheddar focaccia, even dinner rolls and buns for tri-tip sandwiches – it’s all made at home. But none of this happens those last 15 minutes before dinner hits the table. It’s made ahead of time, according to the plan for the week.

Because we’re not big fans of added hormones, growth enhancers and antibiotics, my family is committed to buying only organic, pasture-raised chickens. This means at $2.49/lb, I’m shelling out nearly $12 for one bird! Fortunately I pull out a few tricks to really stretch both the animal and my money.

The big one being butchering the whole chicken into parts so I have all the various parts of the animal to use for my meal plan. The second being turning the carcass and wings into 1 cup of shredded chicken plus six quarts of organic bone broth (saving $22 alone according to Amazon’s prices!).

The best part though is USING this chicken and broth! Shredded chicken goes further when beans are added and broth shouldn’t be reserved for soup alone. Benefit from the nutrition by using it for rice, adding liquid to vegetables and it’s a reason to make risotto (with mushrooms and Parmesan… mmm!) more often.

I’ll admit that learning how to plan meals wasn’t “easy,” but at least with this new frame of mind it’s no longer has to be a chore – make meal planning work for you! Each new month brings an opportunity to explore creativity in the kitchen while maximizing nutrition for your family.

If it’s a chore for you and you’d rather go high tech, Plan to Eat has a 30-day free trial and a mobile app, including the grocery shopping list it generates based on your meal plan for the week! Sometimes I wish I had a smart phone…  Be sure to click on the link for the KS group if you do sign up, and you’ll automatically have access to over 16,000 recipes. I’m not kidding. Use the code KitchenStewards through 3/31 for a huge 30% off!

How do you make meal planning work for you?

Follow the Baby Steps board on Pinterest by clicking HERE.

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You will not want to miss a moment of this series – catch the previous posts right HERE and be sure to sign up for a free email subscription or grab my reader feed to continue following along. You can also follow me on Twitter, get KS for Kindle, or see my Facebook Fan Page.

Meet TiffanyTiffany is a newbie real food eater who is trying to master and incorporate nourishing foods into her kitchen without breaking the bank. She documents her baby-sized strides at DontWastetheCrumbs.

If you missed the last Monday Mission, click here.

Kitchen Stewardship is dedicated to balancing God’s gifts of time, health, earth and money.  If you feel called to such a mission, read more at Mission, Method, and Mary and Martha Moments.

Disclosure: Plan to Eat sponsored this post.

BundleoftheWeek.com, 5 eBooks for $7.40! Print Friendly

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Normal Values for Lab Tests

You are here: Home » Health A to Z » Normal Values for Lab Tests

Jul 11, 2012 by

Lab tests, along with a health history and physical exam, are used to diagnose and manage health conditions. When your body is healthy it functions normally in a state of homeostasis or equilibrium. When your body is in homeostasis, the values for fluids, chemicals and secretions (hormones) are within an acceptable or “normal” range. When you have a pathologic condition these ranges can change and cause an imbalance in your body. This imbalance can lead to symptoms. Lab tests can help find the cause for the imbalance or at least narrow the cause down to a few causes.

Lab tests and profiles can also be used to determine the amount of medicine you should take for your body to get back in balance or homeostasis. Normal range for lab tests are the established and acceptable values within which the test results for a healthy person are expected to fall.

male: 17 – 148 U/L, female: 10 – 70 U/Lmale: 0 – 15 mm/hr, female: 0 – 20 mm/hrmale: 3.9 – 9 mg/dL, female: 2.2 – 7.7 mg/dL

Lab profiles are groups of test that are targeted at a certain organ or disease process. A profile may be ordered where your doctor does not have a specific clinical diagnosis for your condition. A profile can assess and diagnosis a condition. For example, a kidney profile can assess the function of your kidneys. The following is a list of lab profiles, tests included in the profile and how the results of the profile is used.

ProfileTests includedProfile UseComprehensive Metabolic ProfileAlbumin, ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, BUN, calcium, carbon dioxide, chlorine, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, total proteinGeneral halth screen that gives information on the kidneys, liver, acid-base balance, blood glucose level, and blood proteins. It’s used to evaluate organ function and check for conditions like diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. It is routinely ordered as part of blood workup for physical examination or medical exam especially one where symptoms are vague. Abnormal test results are then followed up with more specific tests before a final diagnosis is made.carbon dioxide, chloride, potassium, sodiumScreening for electrolyte or acid-base imbalance and to monitor the effects of treatment on a disease or condition that causes an electrolyte imbalance. This profile is also used to evaluate people taking medicines that can cause an electrolyte imbalance.Albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, total proteinThis profile is used to detect pathologic conditions of the liver. It is often ordered for symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, light-colored bowel movements, or pain or swelling in the abdomen that indicate liver conditions. This profile may be ordered when someone has been exposed to hepatitis, has a family history of liver disease, has a history of excessive alcohol consumption or was taking medicine that can result in liver damage.HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HAV IgMThis profile is used to detect viral hepatitis.albumin, BUN, calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, phosphatase, potassium, sodiumUsed to detect kidney problems. The profile shows how well the kidneys are functioning to remove excess fluid and waste. When problems are detected, diagnostic imaging test may be ordered to further evaluate symptoms and make a diagnosis. This profile may be ordered if you are on dialysis or a special diet for kidney disease or failure.total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol (calculation), total cholesterol/ HDL ratio (calculation)Used to determine the risk of coronary artery disease.ABO grouping and Rh typing, antibody screen, CBC, HBsAg, rubella antibodies, syphilis serologyUsed to establish a baseline recordings and screenings of prenatal mothers for disease or potential problems during pregnancy. May be ordered during first prenatal visit.rheumatoid factor, ESR, CRP, uric acid, ANAHelp with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and to help separate it from other types of arthritis and conditions with similar symptoms. This profile is also used to evaluate the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, to monitor the condition and its complications, and to assess response to various treatments.FTI, Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) uptakeCategoryDefinition and commonly performed testsHematology is the science that deals with the study of blood and blood forming tissues. Lab analysis for hematology deals with examining blood for detecting abnormalities and includes areas such as blood cell counts, cellular morphology, clotting ability of blood, and identification of cell types. Erythrocyte sedimentation rateProthrombin timeDifferential white blood cell countHematocritHemoglobinPlatelet countRed blood cell countReticulocyte countWhite blood cell countLaboratory analysis in clinical chemistry determines the amount of chemicals substances present in body fluids, excreta, and tissues. For example blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The largest area in clinical chemistry is blood chemistry. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)AlbuminAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)AmylaseAspartate aminotransferase (AST)BilirubinBlood urea nitrogen (BUN)CalciumCarbon dioxideChlorideCholesterolCreatinineCreatinine phosphokinase (CPK)Gamma glutamyltranspeptidaseGlobulinGlucoseInorganic phosphorusLactate dehydrogenase (LDH)PotassiumPyroxeneSodiumTotal proteinsTriglyceridesTriiodothyronine uptake (T3 uptake)Uric acidBlood banking is serology deal with the study of antigen_antibody reactions, assesses the presence of disease or substances. ABO blood typingAnti-nuclear antibody (ANA)Antistreptolysin O (ASO)C-reactive protein (CRP)Hepatitis testsHIV testLatexPregnancy testRh anti-body testRh typingRheumatoid factor (RF)Syphilis test (VDRL, RPR)Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine.A. Tests for physical analysis of urine includes: Color, Appearance, and Specific GravityB. Tests included in chemical analysis are: pH, Specific gravity, Glucose, Protein, Ketones, Blood, Bilirubin, Urobilnogen, Nitrite, LeukocytesC. Tests included in microscopic analysis of urine are: Red blood cells, White blood cells, Epithelial cells, Casts, CrystalsMicrobiology is scientific study of microorganisms in their activities. Lab analysis of microbiology deals with identifying and categorizing pathogens present in specimens taken from the body (such as urine, blood, throat, sputum, wound, urethra, vagina, cerebrospinal fluid). The following are examples of infectious diseases diagnosed by identifying pathogens present in a specimen: CandidiasisChlamydiaDiphtheriaGonorrheaMeningitisPertussisPharyngitisPneumoniaStreptococcal sore throatTetanusTonsillitisTuberculosisUrinary tract infectionLaboratory analysis in parasitology deals with the detection or presence of disease producing human parasites or eggs present in specimens taken from the body (for example stool, vagina, blood). Examples of human diseases caused by parasites include: AmebiasisAscariasisHookwormMalariaPinwormsScabiesTapewormsToxoplasmosisTrichinosisTrichomoniasisIn the lab, cytology deals with the detection or presence of abnormal cells. These include chromosome studies and Pap test.Histology is the microscopic study of form and structure of various tissues that make up living organisms. Lab analysis deals with the detection of diseased tissues and include tissue analysis and biopsy studies.

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What to Expect During Your First Prenatal Check-up

Your first prenatal exam is very important because it confirms your pregnancy and sets a baseline for comparing your current state of health to your health and your baby’s health as you go through pregnancy. Your first exam includes a physical exam and a gynecological exam which will find out if you are at risk for problems during your pregnancy so these risks can be treated or monitored (watched) to help prevent or lessen complications for you and your baby. High risk conditions include high blood pressure, obesity, severe varicose veins, uterine size, pelvic size and diabetes.

Your doctor (ob/gyn) will also calculate your due date. To calculate your due date, you need to know the date of the first day or your last menstrual period. Add 7 days to the first day of your last period, subtract 3 months and add one year. Example: Assume the first day of your last period is July 15, 2012 (7/15/2012), then subtract 3 months from 7 months, add 7 days to 15, then add one year to 2012. Your due date is April 22, 2013 (4/22/2013).

Female Reproductive System

Taking your vital signs gives your doctor a baseline for comparing your later prenatal visits. Blood pressure usually goes down slightly during the 1st and 2nd trimesters and then goes back to normal or slightly above normal during the 3rd trimester.TemperaturePulseRespirationBlood pressureWeightIf your blood pressure is above normal during pregnancy and you have other signs and symptoms, it may indicate problems such as pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia.Your baseline weight is used to compare future weight measurements at later prenatal visits. Gaining weight or losing more weight than expected can help assess your nutrition during pregnancy and how your baby is growing developing. A sudden unexplained weight gain can be a sign of preeclampsia.Your first physical exam gives a baseline (starting point) for your overall health status and make sure that you’re starting off your pregnancy in the best physical condition possible. During the physical exam your doctor will check your eyes, ears, nose and throat, chest, lungs, heart, breasts, abdomen, reproductive organs, rectum, and your arms and legs. Special attention will be paid to your breast, abdomen, and pelvic exams as these will change the most during pregnancy. Also, any problems in your breast, abdomen and pelvis may affect childbirth and carrying your baby to full term.Your breasts are checked for lumps, swelling, dimpling, puckering and changes in the texture of the skin texture. This exam provides a baseline for changes that happen to your breasts during pregnancy and for breastfeeding when your baby is born.Your abdomen is checked for masses or lumps other than your baby. It’s looked at for scars and stretch marks. You will have an initial measurement of the height of the fundus (the top of your uterus) to give a baseline for future fundal height measurements. Fundul height is measured from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus (the end near your belly button).Your pelvic exam confirms your pregnancy and how long you’ve been pregnant. To estimate gestational age: the uterus is the size of an egg at 7 weeks, the size of an orange at 10 weeks and the size of a grapefruit at 12 weeks. You’ll be checked for any pelvic abnormalities that may cause problems during pregnancy or childbirth. The pelvic exam usually includes checking the genitalia on the outside, an examination of the vagina and cervix with a speculum, a Pap smear, a specimen is taken to test for chlamydia and gonorrhea. If you have signs of infection of vaginal specimen will be taken. You will also have a bimanual exam where your doctor will insert one or two gloved and lubricated fingers into your vagina while gently pressing on your lower abdomen with the other hand. This is a to check for: the size, shape, and position of the uterus — which could affect childbirthan enlarged uterus — which could mean pregnancy or fibroidstenderness or pain — which might mean infection or other conditionsswelling of the fallopian tubes — which might mean an ectopic pregnancyenlarged ovaries, cysts, or tumorsThis exam will check for the strength and irregularity of the vaginal wall and cervix. The anus is checked for hemorrhoids and fissures and the rectum checked for hernias and masses.Your health care provider puts a gloved finger into your rectum to check the muscles between your vagina and your anus. This also checks to see if there are tumors behind the uterus, on the lower wall of the vagina, or in the rectum. Some doctors put another finger in the vagina, too. This lets the doctor examine the perineal tissue more thoroughly.You may feel like you need to have a bowel movement during this part of the exam. This is normal and only lasts a few seconds.These measurements verify the size and shape of the pelvis to make sure that your baby can pass safely through the birth canal in a normal vaginal birth; if not a cesarean section will be needed. Your doctor may wait until later in your pregnancy to take these measurements when you’re perineal muscles are more relaxed and there is less discomfort while taking the measurements.

After you’ve had the physical exam, your doctor will talk to you about what he finds and any recommendations he has for you about weight gain, sleep, working while pregnant, sex, smoking, alcohol and drugs. You may also be given a handbook on what to expect during pregnancy.

Your doctor may order lab tests. These can include:

Urinalysis to verify pregnancy and to check for urinary tract infection.Pap smearSTD Swabs for chlamydia or gonorrheaYeast infection from trichomoniasis and candidiasisComplete blood countHemoglobin and HematocritRh factor and Blood type

Seeing your doctor during the rest of your pregnancy is important to assess your needs and the needs of your baby and to see if you are having problems and if you are, then to treat or watch them. If you do not have any complications, then the following is a common schedule for prenatal care visits:

Every 4 weeks for the first 28 weeks (6 months)Every 2 weeks until 36 weeks (6-8 months)Weekly until your baby is born (8-9 months)

While you are pregnant, do not take any medicines or drugs without talking with your doctor first. Certain medicines cross the placenta and get to your baby and could be harmful. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, street drugs such as cocaine, crack, and marijuana, caffeine, and hazardous chemicals.

These medicines are usually safe to take when you’re pregnant, but check with your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medicines. Take your prenatal vitamins every day and always wear your seatbelt.

vitamin B6 50 mgs 2 times a day

These are signs or symptoms you should watch for during your pregnancy. These may be signs of a problem and you should let your doctor know if you have any of these.

fevervaginal dischargepainful to urinateincreased frequency of urinationmarked decrease in urinary outputsevere, persistent headachedizzinessblurred visionsudden swelling of hands, feet, or facesudden rapid weight gainabdominal painvaginal spotting or bleedingabdominal pain and crampingback painnoticeable decrease in fetal activityno fetal movementregular or frequent contractions more than 4 to 6 per hourrecurring low, dull backachemenstrual like crampingunusual pressure in the pelvis, low back, abdomen, or thighs

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Renal Diet for People with Kidney Failure or Disease

The kidneys keep fluids in our body at normal levels. When kidneys no longer work well, you can change your diet to help keep fluids and certain nutrients at normal levels. These nutrients include: protein, sodium (salt), phosphorus, potassium and fluid. You must watch the amount of these nutrients you get each day. That way, if your doctor tells you to cut back, you will know how much you were eating or drinking and about how much less to eat or drink.

In general, a renal diet is high in calories, low in fluids, protein, and sodium.

Nutrition LabelHealthy kidneys remove waste and fluids from the blood and balance the salts in our body. Once kidneys stop working, you need to limit the amount of certain nutrients you eat and drink. Too much of these nutrients in your blood can cause problems. Your doctor will set limits and restrictions for your diet based on how much kidney function you have. If you are on hemodialysis, when you go to the clinic for dialysis, they take blood for lab tests to measure how much of these nutrients are in your blood. If the lab tests results tell you too much of these nutrients are in your blood, then you are getting too much of them in your diet. Therefore, you need to change your diet to cut back on foods that contain those nutrients until your next lab work. It is a constant effort of monitoring, testing and balancing your fluids, electrolytes and salts. If the results of your blood work are good, then you can continue eating and drinking as you had been. There is usually a dietitian at the dialysis clinic that can help you adjust your diet to better control these nutrients.

It will also be helpful to understand food labels including nutritions facts and ingredient listings.

In addition to a special diet, you may be on medicines to help control these nutrients. There is usually a social services person at the clinic who can help you understand your medicines and tell you or your doctor (nephrologist) if your medicines need adjusting or changed.

1/4 cup = a golf ball1/2 cup = a tennis ball1 cup = one fistone small fruit = baseballone pancake = the size of a DVDone potato = the size of a computer mouseProteinSodium (Normal levels for serum sodium are 135-145 mEg/L)Phosphorus (Normal levels for serum phosphorus are 1.8-2.6 mEg/L)Potassium (Normal levels for serum potassium are 3.5-5 mEg/L)Fluid

Protein is important to help build and maintain muscle mass and the immune system. Too much protein can cause nausea, vomiting, and more damage to the kidneys. Usually, protein is limited with renal failure. A low-protein diet reduces the end products of protein metabolism that the kidneys can no longer get rid of. However, protein may be increased once you start hemodialysis. Your doctor will tell you how many grams of protein you can have each day. (80 grams is a common daily limit for people on hemodialysis.) The protein should come from foods that contain all of the essential amino acids to prevent the breakdown of body protein (muscle). These foods include eggs, milk, poultry and meat. A high calorie diet will also help prevent the breakdown of body protein.

Vegetables, grains, meats, fish, poultry, and legumes (beans and peas) have protein. Most of the protein you eat should come from meats, fish, poultry (chicken) and legumes (beans and peas). Use the list below to plan your meals. g = grams, 1000 mg = 1 gram

1 ounce cooked meat, fish, poultry = 7 g1 large egg = 7 g1/2 cup cooked dried beans, peas, lentils = 8 g1/2 cup tofu = 7 g2 tablespoons peanut butter = 7 g1 cup milk, soy milk, or yogurt = 8 g1/2 cup putting or custard = 4 g1 slice or 1 inch cubed cheese = 7 g1/2 cup cottage cheese or ricotta cheese = 7 g2 tablespoons Parmesan cheese = 7 g

Never add salt to your food—get rid of the salt shaker!

Sodium makes us thirsty and want to drink more. As we drink more fluids, we retain fluid and our blood pressure goes up which puts a strain on our kidneys and heart. Avoiding foods high in salt and sodium  helps control fluid. You may eat 2000 mg (2 grams) of sodium per day. Table salt has sodium and chloride; 1 teaspoon of salt equals 2 g of sodium which is equal to your sodium allowance for the day. Salt substitute: does not contain sodium; is usually made from potassium; talk with your doctor before using a salt substitute.

canned vegetables and soupspackaged seasonings and meal startersprocessed meatsseafoodham, bacon, sausagechips, pretzels, nuts, salty snack foodspickled meats and vegetablesbutter, garlic salt, seasoned saltbarbecue sauce, soy sauce, ketchup, mustardprocessed cheeses and cheese foodsleave the salt shaker in the cabinet—out of sight out of mindseasoned with herbs and spices; garlic, onion, sage, rosemary, thyme, lemon juice, fruitread medication labels and content talk with your doctorbeware of medicines that contain sodium such as antacids and laxativesdining out: ask for meals made without salt or MSG (monosodium glutamate)choose foods with less than 200 mg of sodium per servingavoid foods with salt or sodium listed as one of the 1st 4 ingredients

Most foods have phosphorus in them. Too much phosphorus can cause calcium to come out of bones, making bones brittle and easier to fracture or break. Your doctor may prescribe a phosphorus-binding medicine to reduce the amount of phosphorus in your body. Tums is a phosphate-binding medicine.

Most people with kidney failure should limit phosphorus to 800-900 mg a day. It is recommended that you that you limit or avoid the following foods: baking powderbeerbran cerealsbreads raised with baking powdercaramelcheese (except cottage cheese)chocolatedark cola beveragesdried beansdried peaseggsfishmilk and milk productsorgan meats (brain and liver)nutspeanuts and peanut butterpoultrywhole grains, whole wheat bread

Potassium helps muscles including the heart muscles to contract and relax. Too much potassium can cause your heart to beat irregularly or even stop. Too much potassium in your blood can cause hyperkalemia and emergency treatment should be started. Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, limit potassium to 2000 mg each day. The following list will help you with lower potassium options. Choose fruits from the medium and low potassium groups.

Sliced cheddar or Swiss cheese

You can prepare some vegetables in a way that reduces the amounts of sodium and potassium in them, called dialyzing vegetables. Follow these directions exactly. Be sure your doctors know you are using these methods.

Use fresh potatoes, carrots, beets, rutabagaPeel and I, placing cold water new lineSlice 1/8 inch thick slicesSoak in warm water for 2 hours. Use 10 times the amount of water to vegetables.Rinse under warm water.Cook for 5 min. in 5 times the amount of water to vegetables.Serve only one portionYou may freeze the left overs

Because your kidneys can’t make urine, your body can’t get rid of fluids, you will need to limit the amount of fluids you take in. Your doctor will tell you how much fluid you can have each day, this amount may be adjusted based on your dialysis treatments. For instance, your limit may be 3 pints per day (6 cups). There are 16 fluid ounces (oz) in a pint, 8 oz in a cup, 2 tablespoons in an ounce.

Fluid is anything that is a liquid at room temperature. All fluids count towards your daily limit including foods that contain a lot of fluid.

juicegelatin (Jell-O)ice creamice cubes (one full cup of ice = 1/2 cup of water)liquid medicinesPopsiclewaterpuddingbeverages (clear soft drinks)milksoups1500 mL = 50 ounces = 6 1/4 cups1000 mL = 33 ounces = 4 cups300 mL = 10 ounces = 1 1/4 cups240 mL = 8 ounces = 1 cup120 mL = 4 ounces = 1/2 cup60 mL = 2 ounces = 1/4 cup30 mL = 1 ounce = 1/8 cup = 2 Tbs

This table shows you how to break down your fluid intake throughout the day. Don’t forget to save enough fluid for taking your medicines; this fluid is counted in the “other” column.

Another way to keep track of your daily fluid intake is to fill a jar/jug with water with the total daily fluid allowance prescribed by your doctor.

Measure each item you eat or drink that counts as liquidFor each item, remove the same amount of water from the jar/jugWhen jar/jug of water is empty, you are finished with your fluid allowance for the day.

By now, I’m sure you’re wondering what can you eat? This table shows foods that may be OK for you to eat. You may have other health issues that keep you from eating some of these foods. For example, if you have diabetes or heart disease, some of these foods may have to be limited or cut out of your diet. Take this list to your doctor or dietitian and ask them if these foods are OK for you.

bagels, muffins, English muffinscookies (ginger snaps,
lemon or vanilla filled, sugar, shortbread)bread ( white, wheat, rye, pita)cinnamon rolls, doughnuts
(glazed, jelly)dry cereal, no nuts or dried fruitbroccoli and cauliflower, cookedpies (apple, blueberry,
cherry, lemon, strawberry)

Below are a couple of sample menus plans made from the list of foods you can eat. Use day 3 to come up with a menu plan of your own.

VegetableGrilled Asparagus and Corn on the Cob

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Kidney Failure

75% of all kidney failure is caused by the destruction of the tubules.

A sudden loss of kidney function (acute renal failure) can be immediately life-threatening, while chronic kidney failure is a more gradual and progressive deterioration. Chronic kidney failure is the progressive loss of kidney cells and is a feature of long-term disorders including kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and inherited kidney disorders such as polycystic kidneys. Treatment for kidney failure includes dealing with the underlying cause of the condition as well as supporting production of vitamin D and red blood cells. If the kidneys fail completely, dialysis and a kidney transplant may be necessary.

3600 pints of blood are received by the kidney every 24 hours.

Our kidneys are part of the renal system which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys keep the body’s fluid and chemical composition in balance, clean the blood and regulate pH (acid level). The main job of the kidneys is to clean waste from the blood. Kidneys filters all of our blood every 25 minutes. The kidneys also play a role in the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure, and in the metabolism of vitamin D, and they secrete erythropoietin to stimulate the production of red blood cells. When the kidneys fail, they can no longer do their job. Kidney failure can effect every system in our body.

The kidneys are located at the very back of your abdominal wall, near the 12th rib. They are on either side of your spine about an inch away. The kidneys are very selective filters for your blood. They remove extra water, electrolytes, and other waste from the blood which leave your body as urine.

Urine is made of water, urea, electrolytes, and other waste products. The exact contents of urine vary depending on how much fluid and salt you take in, your environment and your health.

94% water3.5% urea1% sodium*.5% chloride*.25% potassium*.25% phosphate*.25% sulfate.15% creatinine.1% uric acid

*Electrolytes

Electrolytes become ions in solution and can conduct electricity; they are needed for the normal function of organs and cells. Many processes in the body, especially in the brain, nervous system, and muscles, use electrical signals to communicate. Having electrolyte levels too high or too low can cause cells, muscles and organs not to work as they should and can even cause death.

When You Want to Know More Want to Know More?

Understanding kidney anatomy and function may help you better understand the disease and why it is important for you to follow a renal diet, have dialysis treatments or take medicines.

Kidney failure can be caused by:

These are some of the main causes. Ask your doctor (nephrologist) if one of these or something else caused your kidney failure.

When your kidneys fail, fluid waste and salts build up in your blood stream. Your blood pressure can get very high, and your body won’t make enough red blood cells. Your feet and legs can swell and feel uncomfortable. Together, these can make you feel sick. You may notice:

a bad taste in your mouth, bad breathfeeling sick to your stomach (nauseated)headachesfeeling tired and rundownpain in your back, just below your ribs (where your kidneys are)shortness of breathskipped heartbeatsswelling in your feet and ankles, or hands and wristsswelling or puffiness around your eyesyou don’t urinate as often as usual; you have dark urine, bloody urine, and/or burning when you urinateyou have to urinate more often than usual, especially at night

It is common for you to feel bad all over until you start treatment.

You’ll start feeling better when your body gets rid of the extra fluid, waste and salts. Your failed kidneys can’t be fixed, but you can have treatments to do the job of your kidneys. Treatment for kidney failure has to be done for the rest of your life; you cannot live without the treatments or a new kidney.

Kidney failure is hard on your body and spirit and it affects every part of your life. It’s normal to feel scared about the future. You may feel angry, sad, and depressed as you learn of all the changes kidney failure brings and as you begin coping with these changes. You may feel that it just too much to deal with all at once. Once you start treatment, work out your new routine and get a better understanding of what you must do going forward, you will gain confidence—the scary and hopeless feelings won’t be as strong. Family and friends will be learning along with you, and they can offer help and support you so all of you can get on with your lives.

Your long term choices for treatment are dialysis or a kidney transplant. Until you get a transplant, you will probably be on dialysis. Long term treatment for kidney failure can be broken down into 3 main parts that you must do for the rest of your life. These treatments take over the jobs your kidneys used to do.

Dialysis – artifical kidney that cleans and filters your blood.Medicine – to help control blood pressure and rid your body of salt and fluidA Special Renal Diet – limits the amount of fluids and certain substances you can eat or drink

Your doctor will guide you in setting diet restrictions and prescribe medicines that are best for you based on your overall health and your kidney failure.

HemodialysisDialysis cleans and filters your blood. There are 2 kinds of dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis cleans your blood while its still in your body. Hemodialysis (shown in the image) cleans your blood by running your blood through an artificial kidney machine.

There is a lot to know about both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Once you find out which type of dialysis you will be on, learn as much as you can about it so you can better plan your days that you aren’t on dialysis.

A kidney transplant may be a choice for you—that is, putting a kidney from someone else inside your body. With a new kidney, you won’t need dialysis treatments any longer, but you still have to take extra care of yourself.

There may be someone in your family member who can donate a kidney, or you can be put on a waiting list until a kidney can be found. People on a kidney transplant waiting list are tested to be sure that the new kidney is a good match. There aren’t enough kidneys to go around, therefore strict rules have been set up to decide who gets a transplant. Waiting lists usually don’t include people who have cancer, AIDS or heart disease, have a drug or alcohol problem. You also may not be considered if you haven’t been sticking to your renal diet, taking your medicines or other treatments.

After a kidney transplant you can eat a less restrictive diet than when you were on dialysis. But you still have to limit salt and take medicines. You also need your blood and urine tested often to monitor how your new kidney is working.

Sometimes the body rejects the new kidney even though the tests show the kidney is a good match for you. Rejection can start after a month, or even years after the transplant. You may be able to get another kidney; if not you will have to go back on dialysis.

It is normal not to be able to think straight when you first find out you have kidney failure. Chances are your mind isn’t clear due to the waste in your body and the shock of learning that you have a serious illness.

Keep in mind, you don’t have to decide on long-term treatment right away. You’re already getting short-term treatment in the hospital or at the dialysis clinic. Soon you’ll be able to think more clearly, but right now you need a supportive family and friends. Don’ be afraid to ask them for help or let them know what they can do.

So which treatment is best? That depends on:

illnesses you have had in the past (such as heart disease or diabetes)your overall health and how sick you are right nowyour ageyour habits or lifestyle (do you live alone, do you work, do you have support)

Some choices are easy to make; if you don’t have family that can donate a kidney or you aren’t eligible for the kidney transplant list, then dialysis is your obvious choice. Talk with your doctor; he can help you choose which treatment is best for your situation.

Some people choose not to have treatment because they have other serious illnesses such as cancer or severe heart disease. They feel treatment prolongs death rather than extends life. Choosing not to have treatment is one that only you can make. If you’re thinking about refusing treatment, talk with your family, nurse, people at your church and doctors. The choice you make must be right for you.

At first, you’ll feel as if life as you knew it is over and your everything you do has changed. But keep in mind, thousands of new kidney failure patients learn to cope, live and work with kidney failure every yer. Once you get used to the changes, get a support system together, you’ll work out a routine you can handle.

You and someone close to you (family or friend) must learn all about your medicines—what it’s for, what it looks like, when to take it, and how much to take, what are the side effects and what to do if there is a problem. It is helpful to keep track of your medicines by writing them down. This is also helpful if some of your medicines are temporary (antibiotics) or may be changed later (blood pressure medicine). If you have a visiting nurse, they will want to know that you are taking your medicines as you should and a written record is an easy way for the nurse to follow.

Nutrition LabelBecause your kidneys can no longer get rid of electrolytes, salts and fluids, you must follow a special diet to limit these nutrients. Your doctor will tell you which nutrients you must limit and how much you can have each day. The dietitian will help you understand your new diet, which foods to limit, and how to monitor and measure the amount of fluids you get every day. Take the food list to the grocey store. Read food labels and ingredients labels to find out how much of these nutrients are in the foods you choose. Some foods have to be measured and others must be cooked a certain way. Learn a variety of ways to make the foods you can eat so it won’t seem as if your diet is so limited. You also have to limit the amount of fluids you eat and drink every day.

This is an example of a special renal diet for people with kidney failure and sample menus. These are low sodium guidelines for 2 gram sodium diet and a one page list of the sodium content of foods for 2000 mg sodium diet.

It’s a good idea to watch your weight every day. A weight gain likley means you have had too much salt or fluid. The dialysis clinic will weigh you each time you have a treatment.

Check your blood pressure twice a day, especially if you have high blood pressure or are now on blood pressure medicine. Blood pressure monitors are inexpensive and can be purchased at most drug stores. Be sure to take your blood pressure the right way so that you get an accurate reading.

Exercise is important. You need to be strong enough to do activities of daily living—walking around your home, taking a shower, getting dressed, etc. Exercise can also help you feel good mentally. Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan he can recommend for you. Ask if physical therapy would be helfpful.

Both men and women can have changes in their desire for sex. Some men have trouble getting an erection. But, you can still enjoy sex. You and your partner may need to find new ways to enjoy sex and each other. Don’t be embarrassed to talk with your doctor or nurse if you are having problems. There are things that can help. Sex is another reason to exercise!

You should wear some type of identification at all times that lets others know you have kidney failure if for some reason you can’t tell them yourself. There are necklaces, charms and bracelets that will identify you as having kidney failure. This is especially important if you plan to travel.

If you’re on hemodialysis, at first you’ll need someone to take you to and from the clinic for treatment. It takes a a few visits to figure out how you will feel after each treatment. At some point, you may be able to drive yourself. As you get used to having dialysis and eating the right foods, you may feel like traveling. There are dialysis clinics all over the U.S. Your clinic can help you find one in the city where you want to go and can help you make arrangements for you to have treatment once you get there.

It’s normal for people with kidney failure to get depressed. Depression means more than being sad for a a few days. Depression is an illness and has its own warning signs. You and those who care for you should learn the warning signs so you can get help if you need it.

feeling tired all the time, feeling like you have no energychanges in your weight or appetitefeeling guilty for needing helpfeeling restless or worryingfeeling sad, discouraged or hopelessfeeling sick all the timefeeling worthless because you need helplosing interest in things you used to like and want to doyou’re sleeping too muchyou have trouble remembering things, concentrating or making decisions, especially about your careyou have trouble sleepingyou’re having thoughts of suicide or wish you were dead

You and your family need a lot of support when you are first diagnosed. It is helpful to talk with each other, but you each need someone else you to talk with. Social workers at the hospital or dialysis clinic, nurses at the hospital or home health nurses, doctors, church members, neighbors, and friends can all help.

It is not good when families give up all of their outside interest to care for a loved one with kidney failure. Family members need to care for themselves and their family, too. They need to eat well, take breaks from being a caregiver, keep up some of their outside activities and get plenty of rest.

Living with kidney failure and the treatment of it is not easy for you or your family. But, working together, you can find ways to live well and manage all of the changes living with kidney failure brings. Take advantage of all of the help and support you can get. Use charts, worksheets, and any other tools that make it easier for you to keep up with treatment. These will make your life easier until you can get into a routine that becomes second nature to you. Keeping records and monitoring your health will come in handy if someone new helps care for you or your doctor wants to know how you have been doing.


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Saving money on holidays for families

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Kids are often itching to get out and about in the school holidays, and sometimes they have a list of places they would like to go before the school term even ends.  These sorts of places can produce some great memories and add a lot of photos to the family album… but can also be a drain on parents’ wallets.

By thinking ahead and making the most of the opportunities available, you don’t have to break the bank to have some amazing family experiences (and keep the kids fed while out and about) in the school holidays.  There are increasing affordable school holiday options available to the savvy parent. Here are some great ideas for saving more on holidays for families!

Dust off the tent and camp stretchers, and find a campsite – don’t feel you need to drive for days and fill the petrol tank several times to get somewhere suitable.   We are so lucky in New Zealand to have amazing camping spots literally everywhere.  There are very cheap DOC campsites (these are sometimes a bit primitive but can be a great bonding experience!) through to five-star holiday parks

You have to be a bit brave in some parts of New Zealand to tent year-round, but up north there is never really a bad time to go camping.

If there are family members dying for a visit from your whanau, you could try your luck with a standby flight.   Between domestic ports, you can fly for very reduced rates if you are prepared to possibly not get on the plane.  With Air New Zealand, you must book your standby fare at the airport at least 60 minutes prior to the departuretime for that flight.  Let them know how many seats your family requires, and they will let you know within 30 minutes of the flight departing whether you can get on the flight or not (if not, you can always have a fun family day at the airport… and try your luck with the next flight!).  Perhaps only tell the littlest members of your family about the ‘real plan’ once you know whether your plans are confirmed, to avoid disappointment.  And don’t forget to call to confirm one way or the other with the family you’re descending upon!  (NB: Unaccompanied minors cannot utilise this service, and you must be an Airpoints member to purchase a fare).

Standby also works for online holiday planning, you could check out holiday packages on sale sites.

If there is a little more bulk in the holiday budget, one of the best value holiday packages for families is a cruise.  You can get very cheap per-night rates and sometimes smaller children can cruise for as low as $99 a trip (even for cruises scheduled in school holidays).  With all meals included, children’s holiday programmes on board and a huge variety of activities to please everyone – this is a unique and amazing experience for all ages.

Getting out and about in the school holidays has become a cheaper endeavour with the onslaught of daily deal websites that list great deals at (often remarkably) reduced prices.

The sites sell tickets and coupons online, and the deals change frequently.  You purchase on the day of advertising, but the coupon may be valid for a time period in the future (check the time period falls within the school holidays if you are planning an outing).  You generally send the voucher to a phone app, or print it, and produce it at the venue for entry. You can get vouchers for a whole range of fun activities and they can save you a lot of money.

Everyone with kids knows that the food bill increases in the school holidays!  There are a few hints to get through those weeks without going to the supermarket every other day.

Can you make extra in the weeks leading up to the holidays, and freeze some?  Even freezing enough for an individual meal means you can direct hungry teenagers to a single serving when they complain of hunger pangs.

Buy some bulk cheap meat or beans and make them into ready-to-go slow cooker meals such as those found here.  Then you can pop on the slow cooker and it can be ready to go once you get home from a day out – this is the best way to avoid tempting and costly takeaways.  Even in summer this works – just add a quick salad and some bread.

If things are looking hectic, you could always try online grocery shopping– sometimes there are even specials that make online grocery shopping delivery free or cheaper items when shopping is done online. You can read more about buying your groceries online in our article.

Kiwi Families also has some ideas for cheap food on the go and quick easy meal ideas that are very economical.

School holidays can be a tricky time for families but with a bit of advance planning, you can make you money go further so that you can keep all of the family happy.

Sally Mangai

As a mother of one ridiculously handsome little guy and wife to a ridiculously handsome bigger guy, Sally Mangai is endeavouring to complete her chef apprenticeship in between snippets of the rest of life. She has always loved baking and would like to think of herself as more of a foodie than she has time or funds to be.


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Wednesday, 30 January 2013

Top tips for helping your child to be a successful reader

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The years leading up to school strongly influence your child’s attitudes and abilities towards reading. A home where stories are treasured and shared and where books are at a child’s level and explored daily will build a great foundation for literacy. Equally those first few weeks and months at school are important for your child in developing an enjoyment of reading, a positive attitude to learning and starting off as a confident reader. If you create a calm and positive environment where your child wants to read and feels confident in their abilities, these positive attitudes will flow on to their future years at school.

A strong foundation in reading helps with other learning too. Even with maths you often need to be able to clearly read and understand the question before you start.

Reading homework – schools vary on this but almost all will have reading homework each night in the first few years. Try having homework time at the same time each day after a snack and drink, and before your child gets too tired. Be really positive focusing on what your child gets right.

Some tips for correcting positively would be;

Wait for your child to get to the end of the page or sentence rather than interrupting them. Revisit the word they got wrong. Ask, ‘do you know what this word is?’, if they get it right this time then offer praise, if not say the word for them.Encourage your child to use pictures as a clues. This is not ‘cheating’ in any way and is actually an important reading cue. Equally using memory to read is not cheating but one of the strategies children use when learning to read. You often hear people criticise “they’re not really reading they have just memorised the book” – but memorising a whole book, what a skill that is in itself! Memorising helps with recognising familiar, high frequency words.Look at unknown words in chunks and sound them out together.

When you have finished a book ensure your child has understood what they have read, by talking about what happened in the story. Often at the back of books from school there will be suggested questions to ask. Encourage your child to predict what is going to happen next in the story or link the story with their own life experiences.

If your child is getting tired or losing interest suggest you read a page each.

Variety – have them read to other siblings, grandparents and extended family. Your child will feel proud in sharing their new skill.

Share with your child’s teacher any particular interests your child has such as spiders, motorbikes or sea life. There may be books that the teacher can give around these interests.

Especially after initial reading assessments are done, teachers are skilled at matching reading homework that is the right reading level for your child. However, if you feel the books are too hard for your child, which will lead to frustration and loss of confidence, or too easy which can lead to boredom, talk to your child’s teacher. Don’t wait for school report time. Ask your child’s teacher about how their progress is going and for any ideas in which you can support them at home.

New entrant books have improved immensely and now feature lots of different cultures and different family make ups which is positive as children like to see their own life and experiences in books, as they can relate and identify with the story. Also reading books which feature cultures and families that are different from their own helps to foster acceptance and enjoyment of differences.

If English is not your first language ask about books in your home language both at school and at your local library.

Encouraging the reluctant reader

Model an enjoyment of reading yourself. Children are more likely to do what they see, not what they are told.

Broaden what you define as reading. Comics, E books, maps, and recipes could be alternative reading materials. Reading could also be poems or song lyrics.

Create your own books using photos as children love to be the ‘star’. For example use photos to make a book about “My 5th birthday” or “Our beach holiday”. Have a photo on each page and then a sentence below using your child’s words.

Children often relate to and look for how to behave with their own gender so boys will benefit greatly from reading with Dad/Grandad or Uncle, and it also reinforces the idea that reading isn’t just for girls.

Try not to compare. Comments such as, ‘but your big brother is such a good reader,’ will only create further negativity.

Give specific praise to your child. Rather than well done or good girl/boy you can say, ‘you knew every word in that sentence, fantastic’.  Let them ‘overhear’ you saying how well they are doing with their reading, for example when talking on the phone to grandparents.

Continue to visit the library and let your child choose their own books so they can follow their own interests and make their own choices.

Here’s to a positive start to an exciting school year. Do you have a success story to share about your child’s reading or some strategies that you have found really useful?

Jacqueline Taylor

Jacqueline Taylor, mum of two, has been working in Early Childhood Education for 19 years. She currently works for footsteps - a nationwide service offering home-based childcare and free 1:1 learning programmes to give children the best start. As a qualified ECE teacher, she is especially interested in working with under 3s to understand and help them develop a strong foundation for the future.


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Paper Mache Bowls

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We love getting creative in our family and I believe it is extremely important for children to be able to use their minds and imagination to explore different ideas. With Christmas coming up, I decided to inter-loop being creative and Christmas gift making together to make affordable yet fun Christmas ideas that would be perfect for grandparents, family friends, teachers etc.

This idea is very easy, cheap and messy!

What you need:

- 1 good size bowl from your kitchen for each paper mache bowl you want to make

- Glad wrap

- Lots of newspaper

- Plain white paper (printer paper works well)

- Glue (or homemade glue – recipe below)

- Lots a clear space , preferably outside and you could have a bowl of water and towel handy for when you are finished.

DSC_01251. Wrap each bowl in glad wrap, making sure you go over the rim of the bowl enough (but you don’t need to cover inside the bowls).

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2. Rip up heaps of newspaper in a seperate bowl, which your kids will love to help with. Don’t make the pieces too small or too big though. (Tip: if you are working outside put something like a rock on top of the ripped paper so it won’t blow away if there is a gust of wind and you can grab it with your gluey hands!)

3. Prepare the glue, or make homemade glue:

You’ll need warm water and some flour. Simply put about 1-2 cups of flour in a separate bowl and slowly add warm water while mixing. It is up to you to choose the consistency of glue you want. I started with a thick one like a paste, but discovered it cracked slightly so went a lot runnier next time).

4. Make some clear space for all your bowls, paper, glue etc. (Because my children are so little I chose to do the paper mache mainly by myself however the eldest, 2 years old, did help at one stage but soon got bored).

DSC_01275. Now all you need to do it smother your glue covering small areas of the glad wrap at a time then directly placing DSC_0126one piece of newspaper on top, then more glue to hold it in place. Do this over the entire surface of each glad wrapped bowl until all the glad wrap is covered, also go over the rim with the newspaper. You will need 3-4 layers depending on your glue, etc. – but you MUST make sure you dry each layer completely in between. Unfortunately this is where it can take some time, I left each layer to dry over night. If you don’t then it will mould and crack.

6. Once you have done all 3-4 layers, your last layer will be with the plain white or coloured paper. Let that dry over night.

DSC_01587. This part was slightly tricky but we got there in the end with the help of my partner. Using a craft knife or simliar you will need to cut around the rim of each bowl to free up the paper mache. You may need to wriggle the knife down the sides slightly also too. Then slide off the paper mache and peel off the glad wrap.

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DSC_01578. This is the fun part where your kids can get involved. Go wild with painting!  You can also try using sponges, leaves, brushes, hand prints, and so much more. Get creative! You could also cover them in pretty paper or collage images onto the bowl. You may also like to varnish or seal the bowls.

You could eiDSC_0160ther give them as a gift as is – or put some chocolate/goodies inside and wrap with tissue paper.

These bowls are a great present for family of friends and are a lovely way to get your children involved in gift making. I’d love to hear about your Christmas gift ideas as well… what do you make with your kids??

Emma Ranson

Emma Ranson is a stay-at-home mum to two beautiful girls- Grace and Sienna. She followed her heart to Hamilton and loves hanging out with her family- including her Australian Terrier Cross dog, Ruby. Emma is a whizz at all things crafty and loves the challenge of creating something new.


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Understanding separation anxiety in babies and pre-schoolers

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All babies have their own unique and precious personality determined both by genetics and the environment they are born into. Because of this, children react differently to separation from their parents and this reaction can change from one week to the next. This article shares the different ways children can experience separation anxiety and how to deal with it.

What is separation anxiety?

Separation anxiety is when a child shows stress or anxiety when they are away from their parents. This could be during a significant separation, for example left for a few hours at an in-home childcare or just a short separation such as going into another room, but out of sight of your child.

Separation anxiety often peaks at around 8-9 months of age. This can mean that a child who was previously happy to go to unfamiliar people and happy for you to be out of sight, may suddenly begin to howl in protest. Some children may even get upset about being left with familiar people such as Grandma or Poppa who they have previously been settled with.

You can be reassured that you haven’t done anything wrong. This is a normal part of infant development. Your child is still developing the concept that people exist, even when we can’t see them and the concept of time.

Anxiety from your child’s point of view

Depending on your own parenting style and personality you may view this behaviour as frustrating. You may think, “why the fuss, I just left the room for a minute?” Remember you are the centre of your child’s world and it can be distressing for them when you go out of sight. When you leave, you know and understand where you are going and how long you will be. An infant doesn’t know either of these because in their mind, you have just gone.

Equally many parents find this stage very upsetting and are often on the verge of tears when they see their child’s trembling lip as they are about to head out the door. Children follow our lead so while it is really hard, watch your body language and voice as you are saying goodbye – if you appear anxious or upset this will intensify your child’s anxiety.

Preparing your child to prevent separation anxiety

A baby that has their needs consistently met with warmth and nurturing is more likely to feel safe and secure so there may be less anxiety around separation. This starts at a very basic level to develop trust and attachment – when a newborn has their needs meet by a responsive caregiver they learn, I am hungry, I get fed, I am upset, and I am comforted.

While you might not be able to prevent separation anxiety completely, there are strategies you can put in place to help minimise it.

Get your baby used to other environments and other people – simple experiences such as going to the shops or library as well as more formal socialisation such as pre-school playgroups.When you are at playgroups or friend’s homes, put your baby on the floor to explore rather than always on your lap – this develops their confidence and independence.When possible have other family members bath baby or feed your baby. If you do all the routines for your child it will become a habit and harder for them to accept another person in this role.If your child starts to show early distress signs when being held by another rather than taking them back straight away because it reinforces the idea they can not be trusted. Instead, move next to them and reassure your baby in a soothing voice to show them you trust them so they can too.Play games of peek a boo. This age old game develops the idea of you can’t see me, and then you can again so baby learns even when they can’t see you, you still exist. Through simple play you are developing an understanding and trust that you will come back. You can stand behind a half open door of the room your child is in and play peek a boo from there.

Positive strategies for separation

Always verbally prepare your child for separation. It could be a simple “I’m going to the kitchen to get your bottle”, or “Nana will be here soon to look after you”. As your child grows this will become an important part of the separation routine and has the added bonus of developing language skills.Start off with very short periods of separation. Move to a place where you can see your baby but they can’t see you just for a minute or so and then return. If your baby is in the midst of separation anxiety try going out and leaving your child with a known and trusted adult for just twenty minutes rather than half a day. You can make the time increasingly longer as your child sees and begins to trust that you come back and that they are safe without you.If you are planning on returning to work and your child is not comfortable with separation, you may need to have a plan of getting your child used to their new caregiver the month before. For example if you plan to use a nanny with an in-home childcare organisation like Footsteps, visit them with your child and leading up to your return to work increasing the frequencies and length of time.

Reducing anxiety at the time of separation

You may do all these things and your child may still be upset when you leave. Then what?

When it is time to say goodbye be loving but quick – don’t drag it out. Hand your baby to your trusted person, give them a kiss and say “Bye bye for now, I will be back at 2 o’clock”. Wave goodbye with a smile and leave. Having the same ritual at each farewell will help your baby with this change. Try your best to appear relaxed!Write out a timed routine for your caregiver of your child’s usual day so as many aspects are familiar to your child as possible including any rituals you do such a singing a certain song at bed time or reading a favourite book.If you can, have care in your home so although there is change your child is at home where they feel most secure.If the home-based childcare is happening at someone else’s place, send along their own blanket and favourite toys.Some parents even leave their own worn tee shirt or pillow case for their child to cuddle or sleep with.

Anxiety around separation may come and go for your child with peaks and lows. When supported through this with calmness, understanding and love your child will come through it with a greater sense of trust, belonging and a growing sense of independence.

Jacqueline Taylor

Jacqueline Taylor, mum of two, has been working in Early Childhood Education for 19 years. She currently works for footsteps - a nationwide service offering home-based childcare and free 1:1 learning programmes to give children the best start. As a qualified ECE teacher, she is especially interested in working with under 3s to understand and help them develop a strong foundation for the future.


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Baby Of The Month - March 2012's Winners

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AppId is over the quota
Here are March 2012's winners of our Baby of the Month Competition.We invite you to send in your favourite picture of your baby... and each month we will feature one of your photographs here!Congratulations to our Baby of the Month for March - beautiful little Myrah, 9 months, from Sydney, Australia

Mum Samridhi told us...

Myrah

The best thing about our little princess Myrah is her smile. She is an ever smiling child who wishes to talk to everyone who passes by, while exploring the world in her pram, and if you try to ignore her, she will catch your attention by making different noises.

She crawls in the house looking for my laptop charger as she is too fascinated with it. She will tear any paper she gets her hands on.

We started solids at 6 months, luckily she does not fuss over eating and will eat anything being offered to her. The best part during the meals is if she relishes something - she will not let you stop for a minute. Her all time faves are mashed potatoes, pulses and rice cereals.

She hasn't grown a single tooth yet but she relishes fruits such as melon, grapes and oranges. But if I offer her banana she will just turn her face to the TV.

Myrah loves to dance to the tunes of Punjabi and Bollywood songs. She just does not stop rocking, shaking her head and clapping her hands the moment she listens to songs on MTV. She enjoys it a lot when her dad clicks her photos - she poses for them.

The most enjoyable moment is when her dad comes back from the office. She gets overexcited to be picked up by him, as she knows that it's time for a walk now. And if he does not take her out she tries bribing him with her hugs and kisses.

We are very lucky to be blessed with such a cute and adorable daughter. Thank you very much for telling us about Myrah and for sharing her photo!

Thank you, too, to everyone else who entered last month!

Here are some more of our favourite pictures sent in during February 2012... Srikruthi

My baby is very cute and charming. She is always smiling and giggling. She is now trying to stand by taking support. She says 'abbaa', 'babaaa', 'papaaa'. She claps her hands and shouts when she is happy.

She started taking solids from 6 months. I am still breastfeeding her. She likes Cerelac now and having wheat and honey flavor and fruits like banana and sweet potato. She doesn't like formula milk and makes faces when I feed her.

She is a very active baby and loves to watch and play with her own shadow.

Raevyn

She loves fresh pureed fruits and veggies!!

Not a big fan of avocado but loves everything else - her favorite is mixed apples and peaches :)

AarushAarush, the best and the most precious thing we could have asked for ever! He likes chewing everything that comes in his way... be it his own fingers or my fingers, however he does like cheese, apples, bananas and papayas more than rice and other cereals. Dislike list is blank as of now for solids :)

His day starts quite early in the morning with an awesome smile and some music of laaaaaalaaaaa sort. It just tells us that 'Mom and Dad its time to wake up!' He crawls and tries his best to cross all the obstacles (pillows) that come in his way. He loves to be in the kitchen as he thinks he has lots of things to play with in there.

Thanks to all the Elders and God for their blessings for Aarush!

ArmaniBathtime!

He loves cheerios - they're his favorite! Any kind of fruit has been a hit.

Vegetables have been a little harder to get used to. But he's ready to eat just about anything he sees us eating!

BorisBoris likes vegetables and fruits, now he has started to eat fish, meat juice, and cereals mixed with milk. He chews well and seems to enjoy them.

I am so happy when he eats, I feel like I've eaten

Clarence

Clarence has been eating cereals since he was six months. I introduced him to eating ripe papaya, because he has been constipated since birth and he really likes to eat it. Now Clarence has a regular bowel movement. Yesterday, I just gave him rice with pork soup, and he loves the soup!

He is just a little boy with have a very, very cute smile, whoever faces him! He laughs at everything. We really love our cute bundle of joy!

Dyson

Dyson loves fruit!! I sometimes can't get him to eat anything but fruit... until I came across your website and found some delicious recipes like the Whole Grain Brown Rice and Blueberry breakfast as well as the Sweet Potato muffins. I'm going to try the Eggplant casserole this weekend and might just make enough for the whole family because it sounds so delicious!

JohnathonJohnathan in his swing

Johnathan loves everything. We started feeding him rice cereal with mixed fruit and oatmeal cereal with banana, which he likes it to be a little thicker, kind of a pasty texture. It is easier for him to eat it that way.

He likes applesauce, bananas, peaches and sweet potato stage 1 foods. We will be starting him shortly on finger foods.

Johnathan is a very happy and healthy baby. Johnathan was born 12 weeks premature due to HELLP syndrome weighing, 1 lb 14oz, 13 inches long. He has overcome so much since his birth and amazes us everyday with the new things he is beginning to do. He is now starting to say mama. He is sitting up on his own a bit. He still has to support himself or someone to be there to make sure he doesn't lose his balance but he is getting very close to doing it on his own. He took a few steps the other day in his walker. He is truly an amazing little boy!

We love you little guy more than anything!!!

MrithikaaShe is our angel very naughty and pretty.

She likes strawberry and kiwi fruits. She is very active.

She is the pet of her Dad and Grandpa!

Sebastian

Sebastian loves adventurous food with spices and herbs!

He shows no interest in baby food anymore, he wants venison red wine with rosemary casserole and NOT pureed peas.

Gotta get on with my cooking now! Thanks for your recipe ideas :-)

VishakanVishakan is my third child. Before him I had twin boys, but they are no more now. Vishakan brought back my happiness in life. He started making my days very busy. He likes to watch Santa Clause. He like rice pancakes with coconut chutney, mashed potato, carrot rice. He enjoys salty foods more than sweet. Also, he wants to try new food daily. I started searching for new baby food recipes for my goodu! ZacharyHe goes BANANAS for his SOLIDS!

Our little man is so happy all the time but during his feedings he just loses his mind with excitement.

Feeding him solids has become an event in the house every night that we look forward to because he loves his food SO MUCH that the sounds that come out of his mouth with each bite makes us just crack up laughing. I don't think we have come across a food yet that he doesn't like. I do have to say BANANAS are his all time favorite fruit. :D

Kiera

My baby loves solid foods,she gets so excited when its her breakfast/dinner time!

Her favorite meal is fish pie, and the food she is a bit unsure of is melons!

RyleeHappy Baby Girl

Loves cereal and fruit... of course she doesn't turn down too much of anything, except peas.

SofiaSofia loves all foods.

Her favourite is a banana - she likes it in the skin and shouts when it needs to be peeled down!

She also loves spaghetti, as you can see in the pic!

Jibrail

My son really loves to eat.. especially when he is eating with us, his family.

He likes rice together with chicken, carrots and mushroom soup. Sometimes he eats cookies and yogurt during snacks and after few hours he will drink warm milk in his favorite sippy cup. And for his dessert, it would be an apple.

And as a mom, I can surely say that apple is his favorite fruit. And it really proves that "an apple a day keeps the doctor away.." Because as you can see, he is really a very healthy cute, handsome and adorable boy.. inside and out.. :) I'm so proud having him as my son.

KruthinOur little prince

For our little prince we started giving solids from 6 months. Started with ragi malt, rice cereals. Slowly giving egg and vegetables and fruits. He likes ragi malt, orange and apple. Our prince always likes new tastes. He will get bored with same food. In that way this site is very helpful for me. Thanks.

He loves music, dancing and playing with a ball. Thanks to god for blessing us with little naughty Krishna.

Umer

He enjoys solid foods especially vegetable purees.

He started having meat and fish also and he is enjoying it!

VedanshMy Little one loves to eat anything and everything, of course in the baby food category. He has been a no fuss baby with regard to his food so far :)... though he loves his yogurts and smoothies a wee bit more over other foods.

Can't get enough of this little bundle of joy of ours!


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